Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C) and line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
In a small bowl, whisk together flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt. Set aside.
In a large mixing bowl, beat together the softened butter, sugar, and brown sugar until light and fluffy, about 2-3 minutes.
Mix in the egg and vanilla extract, combining until fully integrated.
Gradually add the dry ingredient mixture to the wet ingredients, mixing until just combined. Do not overmix.
In another bowl, beat the cream cheese and powdered sugar together until smooth, then gently fold in the fresh blueberries and lemon zest.
Using a tablespoon, scoop out some cookie dough and flatten it slightly. Add about a teaspoon of the cream cheese mixture on top and then fold the edges of the cookie dough around it to encase the cream cheese filling inside.
Place the cookies on the prepared baking sheet, leaving some space in between each cookie. These will spread out while baking.
Bake in the preheated oven for 10-12 minutes or until the edges are lightly golden. The centers may look slightly underbaked; this is okay, as they will firm up as they cool.
Remove from the oven and let the cookies cool on the baking sheet for 5 minutes before transferring to a wire rack to cool completely. Garnish with extra blueberries if desired.
Notes
Garnish with extra blueberries for an appealing presentation.